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Investment in infrastructure and democracy as a form of governance in Africa is the only solution to underdevelopment and poverty in Africa. The continent is behind all the continents of the world in terms of economic and social development. All the countries that make up the continent of Africa have similar economic problems, unemployment, higher deficits, poor state of economic and social infrastructure, including roads, ports, education, airports, telecommunications, health and hygiene.

Centuries of slavery and colonialism robbed the continent capable of its human and financial resources. May be, if men and women were abducted on plantations in North and South America working as a whole (approximately 30 to 40 million), natural resources, which the European countries, namely Belgium, Britain, France, Germany, Portugal, Spain and Italy looted. After abolition of slavery in the plundering of natural resources has continued. The irony is that almost all income from these funds were used to economic and infrastructural development of the European countries with little or nothing useful in the development of the various countries where these funds came from to finance. A clear example is the case with the Democratic Republic of Congo, where King Leopold II of Belgium enslaved Africans, forcing them, without pay, costing around 10 million working and plundered the country of its resources, and almost nothing has been used to in the to invest in land, other than weapons, used by the Belgian army to kill Africans. When the Democratic Republic of the Congo by Leopold II of Belgium was taken up looting and killing in the Democratic Republic of Congo continues its independence in the 1960s. In fact, was the Democratic Republic of Congo (Congo Free State), the largest supplier of rubber, a key raw material for the tire industry, and all the money from the sale of rubber to Belgium went. King Leopold II of Belgium that one of the poorest countries in Europe could be transformed into one of the richest courtesy of enslavement and looting of Africans and their resources.

Belgium was not the only thing they did to the continent. Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, Germany and Italy, deprived her of African gold, diamonds, ivory, timber, cobalt, and all the minerals you can imagine. The Africans who opposed the illegal activities that have been out of the millions who came to South West Africa died today (Namibia), when the Germans undertook during 1904 to 1907, the first genocide of the 20th Century by the killing of the Herero and Nama. While poorer in Europe has become more and more prosperous Africa, and the trend continued until 1950, when African countries began to win their “independence’beginning with Libya in 1951, Sudan, Morocco and Tunisia, all in 1956, and Ghana 1957th

With little or no investment in various post-colonial governments of the continent’s countries inherited virtually no infrastructure: roads, railways, ports, telecommunications, education, health and hygiene, and airports. The only areas that saw very little investment in infrastructure during the colonial era, were heavily mined, the raw materials. The achievement of independence did not come on silver. Algeria, Zimbabwe, Angola, Kenya, Namibia and South Africa to some extent, achieved their independence from colonial powers all his arm through the fight, and in most cases, the infrastructure that was destroyed by the conflict.

As for slavery, colonialism and plunder the resources of the continent were insufficient Continent was a battleground during the Cold War, when the two superpowers fought and its allies in order to influence and control on the continent, primarily for its resources. As a result, many African governments, which was to be pro-Russia or America overthrown by the military. One example was that of Dr. Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, fall on 24 February 1966. Another example is the overthrow and assassination of Patrice Lumumba in the Congo January 17, 1961st Other figures such as Nelson Mandela was a lawyer for the independence either in prison or to improve conditions for Africans. CIA and Western intelligence agencies were involved in the design of the murder and the overthrow of elected leaders in Africa. For example, Larry Devlin, the CIA director said in the Congo during the days of Patrice Lumumba, the Washington Post in December 2008 saying that he refused an order to assassinate Patrice Lumumba, but not stop its opposition to the CIA and the Belgian government and rush to kill him. Assassination of Gamal Nasser in Egypt October 24, 1954 and the assassination of President Anwar Sadat in 1981 was attributable to the work of Britain’s M16, because of their refusal to relinquish power to the Suez Canal, the British. Encourages the CIA, KGB and its allies and financed the war and political instability on the continent. Angola became a battleground for the CIA, the KGB and the Chinese, as each tried to gain control over the country, its people and resources. The civil war that engulfed the country in 1975 ended only in 1991 after 26 years of conflict. When the war ended it the infrastructure that remained after the War of Independence (1961-1974) have disappeared.

The product of these assassinations and coups were political instability and want to destroy the lives and property, including infrastructure that Africa is still torture. As the elected leaders of the continent were murdered, was overthrown and all forms of Cold War tactics including bribery, arm twisting and blackmail exposed to degenerate continent and criticism on all aspects of human activity. The new crop officer, the colonial leaders replaced after independence, the largely puppets of the European and American governments increasingly authoritarian and corrupt. Seseseku Joseph Mobutu, was the choice of the Americans excluded for their contribution to assassinate Lumumba was Congo for 32 years and during this period the land poorer than Mobutu and his cronies got richer and the Western countries, were mainly the U.S. and its allies free hand to loot important mineral resources of cobalt, an essential mineral for the development of rocket technology is required. Little transport infrastructure used by Mobutu. As a result of the Congo today can only be achieved even with boats and canoes, especially by the River Congo.

Tyrants and dictators, supported by western governments and did what they wanted with their finances without question, the people became poorer and the hopelessness and despair characteristic of their lives. Have come as a bit of money taken in the state treasury by corrupt government officials and civil servants, there was almost no money to be deepened, the infrastructure development and implementation of poverty. Poverty, despair and hopelessness, visited people and with their inability to change its leader linked to the opposition were sown in the population that serves as a breeding ground for more coups, civil wars and unrest. This evidence, Ghana, Nigeria, Niger, Côte d’Ivoire, Gambia, Liberia, Mauritania, Algeria, Gabon, Togo, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, the Central African Republic, Chad, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda and Sierra Leone experienced coups in 1960, 1970, 1980 and 1990 in the early years. These waves of coups, followed by civil war affected Liberia, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Congo, Chad, CAR, Somalia, Uganda, Sudan, Angola, Niger and Guinea. These wars, in addition to the human cost has also contributed to the destruction of roads, ports, airports, railways, telecommunications, hospitals, schools and much more. Have with the lack of infrastructure, countries have failed, all progress on the economic development. To reverse the centuries of slavery and colonialism on the one hand, and decades of coups and civil wars, on the other side, governments should their attention on building the infrastructure on the continent.

This is because to write the state of infrastructure on the continent, home to about anything: roads, ports, telecommunications, healthcare, education, market and airport are either not available or described in nauseating situation. We have a few that expire, but we forget that no country or continent, whatever the size of the neglect of natural resources that they can develop without investing in infrastructure. Therefore, the Democratic Republic of the Congo every mineral is that you can have you, is still one of the poorest on the continent. That is why Malaysia, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong and therefore develops President Obama is talking about building the infrastructure to choose the United States because they are the engines of the economy. You can not export, if you support the ports and airports in order to have it. You can not attract tourists if you do not have airports, hotels and other infrastructure that supports it. You can not move from the center of the production to consumption centers, if you do not have to provide roads to rail and inland waterway infrastructure. You can not Industries with the doctors, architects, bankers, lawyers, planners, engineers, teachers, nurses, if you do not deliver on the educational infrastructure to it. And you can not run an effective and viable economy, if you have the energy and telecommunications infrastructure in place. Africa has been significantly disrupted in the energy industry for years, and no government has seen no wisdom to solve. Dismissed as a result, factories and labor pooling, and we expect help for nature, just fill our ponds, before we fix the problem. If these problems do not help to develop our continent and the peoples that? What do we do with the fullness of the sun on the continent? We have not used, do we have? We have 365 days of sunshine and we do not use solar energy which is cheap and more reliable than hydro power. It is a sign of useless institutions that we have and pay lip service by the various political parties and to develop their leaders. Take a look around and see whether any of the products that you see, made in Africa. I think cell phones, computers, televisions, cars and all the things that are flashy crazing for Africans. It is sad that almost all the raw materials needed to build these phones, cars, etc. received from countries on the continent.

To understand the importance of infrastructure as a cornerstone of the development of the continent, we consider the transport infrastructure in a country, for example. The development of all countries are heavily dependent on a reliable transportation system for internal transport and connect rural areas to market centers in touch. The role of infrastructure for the economy of a nation can not be overemphasized, particularly its impact on sustainable development, the GDP growth, inflation and poverty reduction. And stresses the efficient provision of transport infrastructure in a nation where all attempts to reduce poverty.

Transport infrastructure plays a crucial role in the unification of all sectors including agriculture, health, education, commerce, industry and services. Therefore, it is stated that transportation is the life wire of the economy. Without transport infrastructure, social and economic activities and development in general will stagnate. Transportation infrastructure ensures that the raw material entering the factory, while industrial products are also produced to the places and communities where they are needed most distributed. Are the agricultural products as food plants available urban residents by roads, railways, airports and ports. The transport infrastructure also ensures that services are made available elsewhere, where they are needed and timely.

Transport infrastructure is again the management of political organizations, municipalities, districts and regions, as it offers easy access to social infrastructure such as schools, clinics, hospitals, markets, security and management. The transport infrastructure has to improve a correlation to the general living standards of people in rural and urban areas. It improves the quality of life and has the added advantage of rapid growth and sustainable development and has a long-term effect of alleviating poverty.

In areas where the infrastructure is available or has deteriorated over the serious difficulties arising from the production, distribution and marketing of goods and services. Such situations have a negative impact on the patronage of the goods and services produced, and the use of such facilities such as clinics, hospitals, markets and schools. This has a negative impact on the status and quality of life of people affected by such situations as well come down as production and productivity in those areas where transport infrastructure condition is bad. It is an acknowledged fact that the transport infrastructure and in fact, no investment in infrastructure correlations in the development and thus has the living standards of people.

To move the continent away from their current situation of public transport infrastructure should work done by all governments. Fixed-speed railway lines should be designed to connect the various parts of the continent. This makes the transport of bulky materials and easier. Roads should be built to the journey less difficult. The Nile is the longest river in the world as a major inland water transport will be developed so that goods can be transported up and down the Creek. The other major rivers like the Limpopo, Zambezi, Congo, Niger, all should be developed to move goods and people in a simple manner. Every effort should be made to the technology, the use of solar energy potential of the Sahara to develop greater access to energy easy.

Major ports in Durban, Cape Town, Lagos, Tema, Mombasa, Port Said, Tunis, Tripoli and Benghazi, developed and expanded, if necessary, every effort should be made to the administrative bottlenecks and bureaucracy that is crippling trade and development . eliminate The airport infrastructure will be developed to help people to move with ease across the continent. The international airports in different countries should be increased, if necessary, and should also be equipped with modern technology to be less difficult for passengers to go through. In addition to hindering bureaucracies, administrative bottlenecks, delays, the free people should be eliminated. Therefore, it should be a common immigration policy, which is also easier to take care of the population. The advantage of investments in the transport sector is huge and will be prioritized accordingly.

If we take as much of the infrastructure then how about our training on the development of the continent and our peoples for peace? Education infrastructure on the continent and in our countries not yet developed. Have they? Look at the world rankings of universities and see where the first university appears on the continent. Can we develop ourselves to the Continent and our countries with low-quality academics, not to the millions of illiterate and semi-bit-rates to wander around the continent and in our countries mentioned? Of the approximately 9760 accredited university in the world, fewer than 10 universities could do it up to 500 above and also those who were around 90% from South Africa, the most developed country on the continent have (Source: topuniversities. Com) . It is quite clear that our education system fails to architects, engineers, planners, banks, lawyers, doctors, teachers, social workers, nurses and scientists that we are in the 21 Century. That is why all the major architectural and engineering firms on the continent by foreigners and foreign companies, especially from the USA, Japan, China, India and Europe. And every continent and for that matter, any nation that is dependent on foreign expertise for their survival does not doom the long run.

University Law shortage of well-trained teachers. There is a lack of modern facilities such as art libraries, laboratories, simulation facilities, studios, computer and books. You miss them because we can not build, we do not build, because the curriculum did not build our students to prepare them. That means we have for equipment and books from countries that have done their homework well and have invested heavily in education, import, particularly in science and technology. In many of our universities, colleges and secondary schools, lecturers / teachers who teach more students in the same way in the 19 Century, academic institutions have learned to forget that we are in the 21 Century. The same notes given last year, a student four years ago is still given to first year students without addition and subtraction. Teachers can not write books for the students because they do not have the resources for research as the basis for all scientific materials.

While students in the advanced countries to get their hands on the books as soon as they publish them on the continent has to wait 4 years or longer get the same books. What are the academic institutions, including libraries to describe repulsive. None of our universities can boast more than two million volumes of books in their libraries. Even the few books they have are so old that the information in them is meaningless. Very few books have been published by the Africans. Because of this, most students at the grades that teachers trust them. This is the state of our universities and the little I have to say about our colleges and) secondary schools (high school, the better. Our research institutions have very little because they are underfunded and the researchers did not reach the knowledge and facilities to conduct meaningful research. A typical example is the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG) in New Taphos in the eastern region of Ghana. Despite decades of its existence, Ghana still exporting raw cocoa beans for peanuts. There is no value was added to cocoa. CRIG not able to come, with other ways to use beans in favor of Ghana, despite the growing evidence that the beans have multiple uses. To make the African continent, and that governments should education be a priority. You should urgently needed investments in educational infrastructure.

In addition to these universities should be designed to produce engineers, doctors, lawyers, bankers, sociologists and all the various human resources for nation-building required. Exchange programs should be established between the institutions and universities on the continent, allowing students to interact to meet on the continent, and to exchange ideas. All efforts should be used for learning and the quality of learning on the continent. There should be an effort to win over the Africans in the Diaspora to come and share their knowledge with their colleagues and their knowledge to the development of the continent. Research institutions should be established across the continent and could get support for the various natural resources on the continent for the benefit of the people are used. With the right human resource capacity of Africans could now start their journey in order to free his people out of poverty

How about the situation in the housing market infrastructure? A visit to any village or town has the same picture of poor housing and poor quality of public services. People live in mud / thatched cottages with bamboo leaves as roofing sheets or bast without electricity, drinking water and clinics. They live in a subsistence environment, without social security, health insurance and are sentenced poverty, despair and hopelessness. Those who live in cities without jobs, without mortgages, and faced with high electricity bills with bad service. They are constant stream of water and energy problems every day. In each country, region, district, the situation is not different. On the other side of our parliamentarians, ministers, vice-president, presidents and politicians, their cronies and families who are in total luxury, with mansions, SUVs, bodyguards, fat salaries, big bonuses, house servants, and they have all the resources at the continent are available. But they claim to serve the people. How can this be? Governments should involve the private sector in the provision of housing. Land and other infrastructures such as water, electricity and waste management should make it less difficult for the private sector to participate.

Take a look at the state of agriculture. How many of our farmers have their own tractors and farm equipment, produce about food? Almost never. Almost all major appliances needed to have the Agric sector profitable and productive needs to be imported and how many of our farmers to buy their own resources to expand the basic mechanisms for their operations? Although we in the 21st Century as our farming practices show that we are still not out of the 19 Century. This is another reason why we continue to hunger, although soils in Africa are plentiful. In the first half of fiscal 2008 crisis, the violence broke out in Egypt, Sierra Leone, and in many other countries on the continent. Why is it so? The answer is that we have neglected for quite some time. The farmers have no access to irrigation, making agriculture possible, which can throughout the year. You have to rely on nature to rain before they can start planting. They would have no access to credit to help them develop their agriculture. But in Ethiopia, for example, could be to make millions of dollars for the purchase of military, while the hardware hunger threatened to destroy his people. She can not afford tractors and irrigation systems that can help food on the table, and again their human dignity. Lack of infrastructure for agriculture has led to the starvation of millions in the continent. There are no silos for storage during the record harvest. No roads, these areas. We use our country because of political commitment. We can not develop our economy if we invest in the infrastructure is not.

Moreover, trade between the countries would be encouraged at all levels. Africans must learn that they will stand or fall together, because the old policy, the former colonial masters, the first and second neighbors should be discouraged and stopped immediately. This is another reason why it is so important that these countries trade with each other, develop their markets to its resources, which will improve the lives of citizens. The continent should not be allowed as a dumping ground for European industrial goods. Import substitution industries should be adopted on the continent and the trade should be encouraged at all levels. Epoch in which the raw materials with little added value of exported peanuts should get up. While the Americans that is aimed at Japanese’if Japan wants to say a share of the U.S. market, then their products should be here in America are produced. The same standard should apply to any company or country that wants a part of African raw materials.

All national interests must give way to a common interest in the welfare of people on the continent and the loyalty and the influence of outside bodies should be treated as defamation. Africa and its people is a serious problem in all questions of economic, social and political developments. The old philosophy of the selloff of the continent to international cartels and companies should be the boots. Africans should know that the Europeans, Americans and the Bretton Woods institutions are not interested in them develop the best they prefer to have slavery and colonialism was back.

The above questions should be a priority for Africa to break the vicious circle of poverty that people endure for decades if not centuries to break, too.

Hope that the 21 Century for the continent will be different. Hope that the infrastructure has been a higher priority by the various members of the African Union.

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